This Ecorys study commissioned by the European Commission offers a systematic collection of experience from various countries on market-based instruments addressing resource efficiency. It identifies best practices, explores how taxes, charges and other market-based instruments influence the scale of resource extraction and consumption, identifies gaps and areas for improvement, and provides a basis for policy-makers on how such instruments can used to support resource efficiency. The study feeds into the Commission work on resource efficiency under the Resource-efficient Europe Flagship Initiative and is available to download on the European Commission’s website.