This paper aims to show that environmental tax reforms may be the best option to mobilize revenues during fiscal consolidation while reducing distortions and environmental externalities by shifting the tax
In January 2023, the Smith School and the Swedish Energy Agency are launching a major international report on the role of ministries of finance in driving and shaping the low-carbon transition. Ministries of Finance have
Considering the large area of agricultural land in the EU, taxation of agricultural land is a significant subject to EU states and has important effects on sectors like agriculture, urban
In light of the links between climate vulnerability and fiscal risks, debt-for-climate swaps, which is a practice of reducing partial debt in exchange for engaging in climate-related investments, is proposed
Land restoration is an effective nature-based solution for combating rural poverty and climate change across Latin America. But without well-designed public incentives that reward farmers and forest managers for protecting
The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) consulted with experts in partnership with ADB, the ASEAN Catalytic Green Finance Facility, and PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur under Indonesia’s Ministry of Finance in preparing
The World Bank report finds that repurposing a portion of government spending on agriculture each year to develop and disseminate more emission-efficient technologies for crops and livestock could reduce overall
This report provides an overview of international experience in the implementation of Green Public Procurement (GPP). It focuses on the institutional framework that is needed to support the mainstreaming of
The financial sector has an essential role to play in addressing global environmental and social crises. A dramatic transformation of energy, food and waste systems is needed to achieve the
The current design of some taxes sets a number of ecological disincentives – for example, it encourages the consumption of environmentally harmful products and provides little incentive for more sustainable
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