Indonesia

Country indicators

GDP per capita - gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. (Source: World Bank)

GDP per capita
(USD):

12,279.2

Fossil fuel subsidies (USD, billions) - All consumer and producer pre-tax subsidies. Pre-tax consumer subsidies exist when energy consumers pay prices that are below the costs incurred to supply them with this energy. (Source: IMF)

Fossil fuel subsidies (USD, billions):

26.22

Fossil Fuel Subsidies as % of GDP - All consumer and producer pre-tax subsidies as percent of a country’s GDP. (Source: IMF)

Fossil fuel subsidies
(% of GDP):

2.59

Fossil Fuel Subsidies with externalities as % of GDP - All consumer and producer post-tax subsidies. Post-tax consumer subsidies exist if consumer prices for energy are below supply costs plus the efficient levels of taxation. (Source: IMF)

Fossil fuel subsidies with externalities (% of GDP):

12.95

Revenue from environmentally related taxes as % of GDP - All revenue from environmentally related taxes - defined as any compulsory, unrequited payment to general government levied on tax-bases deemed to be of particular environmental relevance – as percent of a country’s GDP. (Source: OECD)

Revenue from environmentally related taxes (% of GDP):

n/a

Carbon pricing gap - Measure of how much countries fall short of pricing carbon emissions in line with a EUR 60 benchmark value (midpoint estimate of the carbon costs in 2020 and a low-end estimate for 2030). The difference is presented as percentage: If the Effective Carbon Rate (ECR) on all emissions is at least as high as the benchmark, the gap is zero, and if the ECR is zero throughout, the gap is 100%. (Source: OECD)

Carbon Pricing Gap
(%):

News

Agricultural Subsidies: Everyone’s Doing It

2020-11-04

Written by Alice Calder Everybody’s Subsidising Subsidies are forming a key part of the UK-EU Brexit negotiations.Japan’s agricultural subsidies as a share of gross farm revenues

If given the chance, Indonesia’s COVID-19 stimulus can build a green, resilient economy (CPI)

2020-06-09

Tiza Mafira, Associate Director at CPI, argues that Indonesia has a unique opportunity to learn from past mistakes and build a recovery that improves the

Reflecting on climate finance in Indonesia from 2018

2019-01-17

This blog by Tiza Mafira of the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) reflects on Indonesia’s progress on climate finance in 2018 and looks forward to some key developments

Reports

UNEP study on fiscal policies to address air pollution from road transport in cities and improve health: Insights from country experiences and lessons for Indonesia

2020-08-19

There is growing awareness of the negative health impacts of air pollution caused by road transport in many emerging economies such as Indonesia. Governments face

Indonesia Environment Fund: Bridging the Financing Gap in Environmental Programs (CPI)

2020-05-06

International development partners have recognized Indonesia’s efforts to better meet its climate and environmental goals by pledging their financial support. Indonesia has pledged to reduce

Indonesia’s triple burden of malnutrition: a call for urgent policy change

2020-01-10

The Asia and Pacific region is home to more than half the world’s undernourished children, but also has the fastest growing prevalence of childhood overweight

Policy Briefs

UNEP Policy Brief – Fiscal Policies To Address Air Pollution From Road Transport In Cities And Improve Health: Insights From Country Experiences And Lessons For Indonesia

2020-09-08

This policy brief aims to summarise and support recent efforts of the Indonesian and DKI Jakarta government to reduce air pollution. It analyses the impact

UNEP Policy Brief – Reducing pollution and health impacts through fiscal policies

2020-09-08

Pollution is one of the major challenges of our time, affecting human health, damaging the environment and leading to significant socio-economic costs. Preventing and addressing

How to Respond When Prices Go Up: Objectives and options for fuel price adjustments in Indonesia (GSI)

2017-08-16

This policy brief by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) analyzes Indonesia’s mechanisms for adjusting domestic fuel prices in response to fluctuating world prices, consistent with

Indonesia

Country indicators

News

Agricultural Subsidies: Everyone’s Doing It

If given the chance, Indonesia’s COVID-19 stimulus can build a green, resilient economy (CPI)

Reflecting on climate finance in Indonesia from 2018

Reports

UNEP study on fiscal policies to address air pollution from road transport in cities and improve health: Insights from country experiences and lessons for Indonesia

Indonesia Environment Fund: Bridging the Financing Gap in Environmental Programs (CPI)

Indonesia’s triple burden of malnutrition: a call for urgent policy change

Policy Briefs

UNEP Policy Brief – Fiscal Policies To Address Air Pollution From Road Transport In Cities And Improve Health: Insights From Country Experiences And Lessons For Indonesia

UNEP Policy Brief – Reducing pollution and health impacts through fiscal policies

How to Respond When Prices Go Up: Objectives and options for fuel price adjustments in Indonesia (GSI)

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