This paper by Tyeler Matsuo and Tobias S Schmidt published in Environmental Research Letters (Volume 12, Number 1) proposes that ‘hybrid’ policies that package fossil fuel subsidy reform with low-carbon technology deployment policy offer an opportunity to support mitigation activities that achieve environmental impacts and long-term structural change. Four country case studies are examined – Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Tunisia. The paper is available to download on the IOPScience website.