Energy affordability can be defined as a household’s ability to pay for necessary levels of energy use within normal spending patterns. This OECD report uses household level data covering 20 OECD countries to analyse energy affordability at current energy prices and explores how these indicators change in response to a simulated energy tax reform. The report finds that higher energy prices, needed to cut harmful carbon emissions and air pollution, can also help achieve social policy objectives. The report is available to download on the OECD website.