The debate on the costs and benefits of governments’ support to biofuels development has gained considerable momentum, especially in light of fiscal austerity measures and the “food versus fuel” debate associated with the impacts of biofuels expansion on agricultural markets. This paper by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) discusses the current state of play around over US$20 billion in subsidies and other forms of government support to the production and consumption of biofuels globally. The report examines whether the state of play on biofuel subsidies is now changing under the influence of three dynamic factors: the “food versus fuel” debate, advanced biofuels developments and the austerity policies necessitated by the financial and economic crisis. The report is available to download on the GSI website.