Market-based instruments have been increasingly applied in the last two decades for sustainable development, leading to efficient environmental management and creating revenues for poverty reduction. In this context, environmental fiscal reform, such as charges, fees, taxes, subsidies, and emission trading have the potential to make a significant contribution to the implementation of green economy strategies. The report clusters the approaches by country and by instrument applied and allows the reader to make a choice on country experience description and a brief definition and analysis of the instruments.