Market-based instruments have been increasingly applied in the last two decades for sustainable development, leading to efficient environmental management and creating revenues for poverty reduction. In this context, environmental fiscal
Economic instruments involves market mechanisms and provide important and useful approach to address environmental challenges, ranging from pollution taxes, subsidies, charges and marketable permits to deposit-refund systems and performance bonds.
Reforming environmentally harmful energy subsidies will need to play a central role in moving the world onto a more sustainable development path. Consensus on the detrimental impact of rising fossil-energy