China

Country indicators

GDP per capita - gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. (Source: World Bank)

GDP per capita
(USD):

8,405.18

Fossil fuel subsidies (USD, billions) - All consumer and producer pre-tax subsidies. Pre-tax consumer subsidies exist when energy consumers pay prices that are below the costs incurred to supply them with this energy. (Source: IMF)

Fossil fuel subsidies (USD, billions):

29.68

Fossil Fuel Subsidies as % of GDP - All consumer and producer pre-tax subsidies as percent of a country’s GDP. (Source: IMF)

Fossil fuel subsidies
(% of GDP):

0.25

Fossil Fuel Subsidies with externalities as % of GDP - All consumer and producer post-tax subsidies. Post-tax consumer subsidies exist if consumer prices for energy are below supply costs plus the efficient levels of taxation. (Source: IMF)

Fossil fuel subsidies with externalities (% of GDP):

14.92

Revenue from environmentally related taxes as % of GDP - All revenue from environmentally related taxes - defined as any compulsory, unrequited payment to general government levied on tax-bases deemed to be of particular environmental relevance – as percent of a country’s GDP. (Source: OECD)

Revenue from environmentally related taxes (% of GDP):

0.9

Carbon pricing gap - Measure of how much countries fall short of pricing carbon emissions in line with a EUR 60 benchmark value (midpoint estimate of the carbon costs in 2020 and a low-end estimate for 2030). The difference is presented as percentage: If the Effective Carbon Rate (ECR) on all emissions is at least as high as the benchmark, the gap is zero, and if the ECR is zero throughout, the gap is 100%. (Source: OECD)

Carbon Pricing Gap
(%):

News

Figuring out China’s coal goal

2021-09-28

Xi Jinping’s vow to end China’s international coal is puzzling China watchers with details on how far the promise goes still unclear.

BRICS summit is likely to strongly oppose carbon tax proposed by EU

2021-09-16

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa may strongly oppose the proposed Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) by the European Union at the 13th BRICS Summit on Thursday as the five developing countries will likely be the biggest losers from its implementation. In a veiled reference to CBAM, BRICS trade ministers last week cautioned that any measure to tackle climate change must be in conformity with multilateral trading rules and shouldn’t put arbitrary restrictions on international trade.

What is China’s Carbon Market Scheme?

2021-09-08

China has proposed the world’s largest carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS). As the country has pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2060, this article explores the merits of the current scheme.

Reports

External Debt In Small Island Developing States: One-year into the COVID-19 crisis, where do we stand? (OECD Report)

2021-06-25

Debt challenges, exacerbated by the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, are not homogeneous across SIDS.

OECD: Effective Carbon Rates 2021 – Pricing Carbon Emissions through Taxes and Emissions Trading

2021-05-12

Carbon pricing very effectively encourages the shift of production and consumption choices towards low and zero carbon options that is required to limit climate change. Are countries using this tool

A climate of fairness: Environmental Taxation and Tax Justice in Developing Countries (VIDC)

2019-01-08

This report published by the Vienna Institute for International Dialogue and Cooperation (VIDC) and authored by Jacqueline Cottrell and Tatiana Falcão, explores the trade-offs and complementarities between environmental taxation and social equity. It analyses the

Policy Briefs

Carbon Pricing to Accelerate the Diffusion of Low Carbon Technology in China (IGES)

2017-07-14

This policy brief by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) suggests that carbon pricing can accelerate the diffusion of low-carbon technology in China, based on the results of empirical

China – Country profile

2017-03-30

Background The People’s Republic of China is the largest country in the world by population and the second largest by land area. It is located in East Asia and has

Stopping Payments to Polluters: Clearing the air with fossil fuel subsidy reform in China and India (GSI)

2017-03-24

Addressing urban air pollution requires governments to reorient policies away from fossil fuel combustion. This Policy Brief by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) explores one such policy shift—the reform of

China

Country indicators

News

Figuring out China’s coal goal

BRICS summit is likely to strongly oppose carbon tax proposed by EU

What is China’s Carbon Market Scheme?

Reports

External Debt In Small Island Developing States: One-year into the COVID-19 crisis, where do we stand? (OECD Report)

OECD: Effective Carbon Rates 2021 – Pricing Carbon Emissions through Taxes and Emissions Trading

A climate of fairness: Environmental Taxation and Tax Justice in Developing Countries (VIDC)

Policy Briefs

Carbon Pricing to Accelerate the Diffusion of Low Carbon Technology in China (IGES)

China – Country profile

Stopping Payments to Polluters: Clearing the air with fossil fuel subsidy reform in China and India (GSI)

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